Which architectural model is utilized by SAP S/4HANA?

SAP S/4HANA employs a simplified architecture that is designed to streamline data models and processes. This architecture is built on the principle of unifying transactional and analytical processing, which significantly reduces data redundancy and complexity. By removing layers of data aggregation and pre-aggregation, SAP S/4HANA allows for real-time processing and analytics on a single data set.

The simplified architecture takes advantage of the in-memory computing capabilities of SAP HANA, enabling faster data retrieval and processing. This not only enhances performance but also simplifies the overall IT landscape, reducing the need for extensive maintenance and resources typically associated with more complex architectures. Through this approach, organizations can achieve more efficient operations and quicker decision-making processes based on real-time data insights.

Other architectural models, like client-server or three-tier architectures, while foundational to many applications, do not capture the streamlined, integrated, and real-time characteristics of the architectural model that SAP S/4HANA implements. Thus, the correct identification of the architectural model as "simplified architecture" highlights its innovative approach to enterprise resource planning in the context of modern business needs.